Intelligent electric vehicles are reshaping the automotive industry, significantly impacting the entire automotive supply chain. The integration of advanced electronics in these vehicles has led to a notable increase in semiconductor value, rising from approximately $450 in traditional fuel vehicles to over $700 in electric vehicles. This trend is expected to continue as more sophisticated features are integrated into high-end models.
The Role of PCBs in Automotive Innovation
Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are essential components in modern vehicles, serving as the backbone for connecting and supporting various electronic systems. They are crucial for all automotive electronic systems, including:
- Engine Control Systems
- Infotainment Systems
- Driver Assistance Systems
- Positioning Systems
- Lighting Systems
The performance of these systems heavily relies on the design and quality of the PCBs. For instance, Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) necessitate reliable electrical connections and signal transmission, which are critical for ensuring safety.
Market Growth and Trends
In the first half of 2023, China reported a significant increase in new energy vehicle production and sales, with figures reaching 3.788 million and 3.747 million respectively, marking year-on-year growth of 42.4% and 44.1%. Despite a slowdown in consumer electronics demand, the automotive sector is witnessing a surge in PCB demand. The output value of automotive PCBs is projected to rise by 14% year-on-year to $10.5 billion in 2023, increasing its share of the overall PCB market from 11% to 13%. By 2026, this value is expected to reach $14.5 billion, further solidifying its importance within the industry.
Advancements Driven by Electrification and Intelligence
The evolution towards electrification and intelligence in vehicles is driving significant changes in PCB technology:
- High Integration and Density: As electronic components increase, PCBs are evolving towards higher integration and multi-layer designs.
- High Voltage Requirements: The adoption of 800V high-pressure platforms demands enhanced pressure resistance in PCBs.
- Flexible Circuit Boards (FPC): The trend towards lightweight designs is leading to greater use of FPCs, particularly in electronic control systems.
The average PCB value for pure electric vehicles is estimated to be five to six times that of traditional fuel vehicles, with electronic control systems representing about half of this value.
Future Outlook
As vehicle intelligence continues to advance, there is a growing need for high-frequency PCBs that can support enhanced transmission rates. For example:
- Millimeter Wave Radar: Requires high-frequency PCBs.
- Power Batteries and Cameras: Demand flexible circuit boards.
- Lidar and Autonomous Driving Systems: Necessitate high-density interconnect (HDI) boards due to their complex circuitry requirements.
Currently, automotive PCBs typically consist of four to eight layers, with HDI boards costing significantly more due to their advanced capabilities.
Conclusion
The automotive PCB market is poised for substantial growth driven by the rising demand for electric vehicles and advanced driver assistance technologies. As manufacturers adapt to these trends, there are significant opportunities for innovation and market expansion within the sector. With continued advancements in technology and increasing vehicle complexity, the role of PCBs will become even more critical in ensuring safety and performance in modern automobiles.
